Standardization serves as a tool of policy in the long-term planning of states and international organizations to enhance cybersecurity at several levels. Standardization organizations such as the IEEE, IEC, ISO, IETF, ITU and others have traditionally focused their standardization strategy for network security on the triad of critical cybersecurity concerns (confidentiality, availability and integrity) relevant to digitized information stored in computer systems and transmitted among them over communications infrastructures: wired systems, wireless relay, satellites and undersea cables. The present dramatic scale-up and scale-out in the number of cyber attacks being carried out at the level of the strategic interests, concerns and agendas of state and non-state actors via abuse of system capabilities, viruses and other malware, gives a sense of the challenges that are now posed to network operators and the opportunities for a strategic approach to standardization in the area of cybersecurity.
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